Application Layer | Layer 7 | OSI Model | TCP/IP

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Ports on an IOS device

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  Cisco uses the term  interface  to refer to physical ports on an IOS device. Interfaces can be configured with different settings, depending on the type of the interface and whether you are configuring an interface on a router or on a switch. For example, the  Cisco 7201 Router  has four GE physical ports (image source: Cisco): To display the router interfaces in IOS, use the  show ip int brief  command from the privileged exec mode: In the output above we can see that this router has 2 physical interfaces – FastEthernet0/0 and FastEthernet0/1. Consider the output for the  Fa0/0  interface: Here is a brief description of each column: Interface  – displays the type of the interface, in this case Fast Ethernet 0/0. The first zero specifies the physical slot on the router, while the second zero specifies the port number. IP-Address  – displays the interface’s IP address. OK?  – YES in this column signifies that the IP address is...
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IEEE Ethernet standards

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  Ethernet is defined in a number of IEEE 802.3 standards. These standards define the physical and data-link layer specifications for Ethernet. The most important 802.3 standards are: 10Base-T (IEEE 802.3)  – 10 Mbps with category 3 unshielded twisted pair (UTP) wiring, up to 100 meters long. 100Base-TX (IEEE 802.3u)  – known as Fast Ethernet, uses category 5, 5E, or 6 UTP wiring, up to 100 meters long. 100Base-FX (IEEE 802.3u)  – a version of Fast Ethernet that uses multi-mode optical fiber. Up to 412 meters long. 1000Base-CX (IEEE 802.3z)  – uses copper twisted-pair cabling. Up to 25 meters long. 1000Base-T (IEEE 802.3ab)  – Gigabit Ethernet that uses Category 5 UTP wiring. Up to 100 meters long. 1000Base-SX (IEEE 802.3z)  – 1 Gigabit Ethernet running over multimode fiber-optic cable. 1000Base-LX (IEEE 802.3z)  – 1 Gigabit Ethernet running over single-mode fiber. 10GBase-T (802.3.an)  – 10 Gbps connections over category 5e, 6, and 7 UTP cab...
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